精准化护理对经尿道前列腺气化切除术治疗前列腺增生患者的影响

目的 观察分析精准化护理对经尿道前列腺气化切除术治疗前列腺增生患者的影响。 方法 回顾分析2016年1月至2018年12月在海安市中医院行经尿道前列腺气化切除术治疗前列腺增生的82例患者的临床护理资料，其中41例进行常规护理，为对照组；41例进行精准化护理，为观察组。对比两组患者前列腺症状的改善情况（IPSS评分）、生活质量（QOL）评分、术后并发症发生率以及护理满意度。 结果 观察组IPSS评分、QOL评分以及住院时间皆少于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组并发症的发生率为17.07%，对照组为46.34%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组的护理满意度为95.12%，对照组为75.61%，差异也有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 采取精准化护理，能有效促进经尿道前列腺气化切除术后患者的术后恢复，降低并发症的发生率，提高患者的生活质量以及护理满意度。     

Cutaneous histiocytoses in children

Cutaneous histiocytoses constitute a heterogeneous group of diseases characterised by the cutaneous accumulation of cells with the cytological and phenotypic features of macrophages or dendritic cells. The clinical spectrum ranges from self-resolving, skin-limited conditions to severe, multiorgan disease with a high morbidity rate. Until recently, cutaneous histiocytoses were classified according to the immunophenotype of the pathological cells, with differentiation between Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) [CD1a+, CD207 (langerin)+] and non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (CD68+, CD163+, CD1a?, CD207?). Over the last 12 years, a number of new pathophysiological findings (in particular, molecular pathology results) regarding histiocytoses have contributed to a new classification based on molecular alterations, as well as on clinical and imaging characteristics and the phenotype. The most frequent entities in children are juvenile xanthogranuloma and LCH.     

Hiperplasia endotelial papilar intravascular (tumor Masson) de localización ginecológica

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia or Masson's tumour is a non-neoplastic vascular lesion of reactive character. It is a rare diagnosis, clinically non-specific and with diverse locations. It is essential to take it into consideration and make a differential diagnosis with malignant vascular tumours such as angiosarcoma. Pathological study is fundamental for diagnosis. Treatment consists of complete resection of the tumour, including sufficiently wide margins to avoid recurrence.The case reported is an exceptional event, because of the pelvic location of the Masson's tumour that was diagnosed as part of the surgical staging of an ovarian cancer.     

Tadalafil for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Introduction: In men, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are primarily attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Therapeutic options are targeted to relax prostate smooth muscle and/or reduce prostate enlargement.

Areas covered: This article reviews the major preclinical and clinical data on PDE5 inhibitors with a specific focus on tadalafil. It includes details of the role of the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) – PDE5 pathway in the LUT organs (bladder and prostate) in addition to the available data on tadalafil in patients with LUTS secondary to BPH with or without erectile dysfunction (ED).

Expert opinion: Preclinical and clinical data have clearly demonstrated that PDE5 inhibitors induce bladder and prostate relaxation, which contributes to the improvement seen in storage symptoms in both animal models of bladder and prostate hypercontractility. Tadalafil is effective both as a monotherapy and add-on therapy in patients with LUTS secondary to BPH. Furthermore, as LUTS-BPH and ED are urological disorders that commonly coexist in aging men, tadalafil is more advantageous than α1-adrenoceptors and should be used as the first option. Tadalafil is a safe and tolerable therapy and unlike α1- adrenoceptors and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, which can cause sexual dysfunctions, tadalafil improves sexual function.